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How natural foreshores offer flood protection during dike breaches: An explorative flume study
van den Hoven, K.; van Belzen, J.; Kleinhans, M.G.; Schot, D.; Merry, J.; van Loon-Steensma, J.M.; Bouma, T.J. (2023). How natural foreshores offer flood protection during dike breaches: An explorative flume study. Est., Coast. and Shelf Sci. 294: 108560. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108560
In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Academic Press: London; New York. ISSN 0272-7714; e-ISSN 1096-0015, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Author keywords
    Nature-based flood protection; Hybrid flood defences; Non-erodible foreshores; Flood damage; Flood impact reduction; Ecosystem restoration
Auteurs  Top 
  • van den Hoven, K.
  • van Belzen, J., meer
  • Kleinhans, M.G., meer
  • Schot, D.
  • Merry, J.
  • van Loon-Steensma, J.M.
  • Bouma, T.J., meer
Abstract
    In this paper we describe one aspect of nature-based flood protection by foreshores in hybrid flood defences and discuss how foreshore ecosystem restoration can contribute to flood protection. Flood protection consists of flood prevention, by grey, green or hybrid defences, and flood impact reduction, by spatial planning to limit damage and crisis management to limit exposure. Reduction of flood impact is increasingly important because no flood defence system can provide 100% safety, especially with climate change and sea level rise. In this study we aim to understand and visualize the effect of foreshore characteristics (i.e., width, elevation and erodibility) on flooding impact in the hinterland of hybrid flood defences. As it is difficult to research real dike breaches, we do an explorative flume study to analyse the impact of a mimicked dike breach in the hinterland. Our physical scale model showed the presence of a non-erodible foreshore reduces flood damage in the hinterland. With regards to foreshore characteristics, mainly foreshore elevation and erodibility are important, while differing foreshore width has little additional influence. Already a narrow foreshore reduced flood impact in the flume hinterland. Our findings strengthen the appeal to integrate Nature-based flood protection by foreshores in hybrid flood defences. Grey flood defences can be turned into hybrid flood defences even if there is limited space for foreshore ecosystem restoration, for instance by managed realignment.
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